- ... of''1
- From (Kirkham, 1997, p.56).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... grammar2
- C.f.
(Priest, 1986, p.1).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... a,b,c,\dots3
- According to (Andersen, 1994, pp. 25) then this
prima facie seems to impose a restriction on the number of
variables - as there are only a limited number of letters.
However this is not the case as one could define a different scheme
of designating the variables. One could choose the variable names like
10#10
The proposed scheme is only a shorthand, convenient way of designating the
variables. Furthermore it does not go against the prerequisite that the
alphabet must be definite.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... Brackets4
- These are used to resolve ambiguity
in operator precedence but they could be disposed of by using e.g.
polish notation developed by the polish logician Jan
ukasiewicz.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... operators5
- Some authors denote these as ``Logical Connectives''.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...false 6
- In a more
formal language then one can regard propositions as functions that
map from its domain to truth values.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...infon7
- See e.g. (Devlin, 1991)
for further details.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
in8
- See e.g. (Hendricks, 2001), (G.E. Hughes, 1998).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
needed9
- Cf (G.E. Hughes, 1998).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... authors10
- See e.g. (Lewis, 1973).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... alike11
- Cf.
(, ). The term structurally alike indicates that possible
worlds should have the same initial conditions and laws of
nature.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
beliefs12
- Cf. Jan Faye, personal communication.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... definition13
- Cf.
(Hendricks, 2001, p.33).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... schemata14
- C.f.
(Gamut, 1991b, p.149).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...15
- See
(Hendricks, 2001, p.227).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... tenseless16
- See also
(Faye, 1989, p.126). He describes the tense and tenseless
truth-conditions for the propositions, but the arguments are
basically the same as stated here.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... tense)17
- (Hendricks, 2000) uses a different set of
terms for these. The names here is adopted from (Burgess, 1984).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...18
- See
(Hendricks, 2001, p.285).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... shows19
- C.f.
(Gamut, 1991a, p. 40). ``Then'' is added by the present writer.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... short20
- This field have been
investigated in the works such as (Stalnaker, 1968),
(Lewis, 1979), (Goodman, 1984) and others
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...21
- See
(Hendricks, 2001, p.227).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... tense)22
- (Hendricks, 2000) uses a different set of
terms for these. The names here is adopted from (Burgess, 1984).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...23
- See
(Hendricks, 2001, p.285).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...4#424
- See figure 2.1.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... shows25
- C.f.
(Gamut, 1991a, p. 40). ``Then'' is added by the present writer.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... short26
- This field have been
investigated in the works such as (Stalnaker, 1968),
(Lewis, 1979), (Goodman, 1984) and others
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... non-branching27
- C.f. (MacBeath, 1993, p
155).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
determinate28
- C.f. (Dorato, 1995, p.27).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... branches29
- I.e. nodes that
does not have any siblings.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
successor30
- It should be noted that this is a general
claim, that need not be true in all cases. If the temporal system
is finite then there will be one or two time-points that will not
have a predecessor or successor - i.e. the first or the last
time-point.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
163#16331
- See also (Hendricks, 2001, pp.
268-269). Prior (1967)
uses this notation to represent the third value.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ... models''32
- C.f. (, , p.
204)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
167#16733
- Rewritten from Hendricks (2001, p.
234).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ....34
- C.f. Ross (1988, p.
285).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ...
169#16935
- C.f. Ross (1988, p.
285).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- ....36
- C.f. Ross (1988, p. 285).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.